防地震知识
2008-05-14
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| 防地震,earthquake |
防地震知识,防震知识
1、在震中区，从地震发生到房屋倒塌，来不及跑时可迅速躲到桌下、床下及紧挨墙根下和坚固的家俱旁，趴在地下，闭目，用鼻子呼吸，保护要害，并用毛巾或衣物捂住口鼻，以隔挡呛人的灰尘。正在用火时，应随手关掉煤气开关或电开关，然后迅速躲避。
在楼房 应迅速远离外墙及其门窗，可选择厨房、浴室、厕所、楼梯间等开间小而不易塌落的空间避震，千万不要外逃或从楼上跳下，也不能使用电梯。
在户外 要避开高大建筑物，要远离高压线及石化、化学、煤气等有毒的工厂或设施。在过桥时应紧紧抓住桥栏杆，待主震发生后即向桥头移动，正在行驶的车辆应紧急刹车。
在工作间 应迅速关掉电源闸、门开关、然后就近选择机器、设备、办公家俱或事先建立的“安全岛”内避震，并防止次生灾害的发生。
在公共场所 如车站、剧院、教室、商店、候车室、地铁等场所的人员、切忌乱逃，要保持冷静，就地择物（排椅、柜架等物）躲避，伏而待定，然后听从指挥，有序撤离。
在有毒气的化工厂区域内要朝污染源的上风处跑，以免中毒。
2、自救与互救 据统计，唐山大地震，震时被压埋的人数为57万人，通过自救、互救脱险的人数达45万左右。一般来说大地震后半小时内救出的被埋人员生存率达99%，由此可见，自救、互救是减少伤亡的主要措施之一。 自救：它要求被埋压人员
（1）有坚定的生存毅力，消除恐惧心理，相信能脱离险地。
（2）不能脱险时，应设法将手脚挣脱出来，消除压在身上的物体，尽快捂住口鼻，防止烟尘窒息，等待求援。
（3）保持头脑清醒，不可大声呼救，用石块或铁具等敲击物体来外界联系，保存体力，延长生命。
（4）想方设法支撑可能坠落的重物，若无力自救脱险时，应尽量减少体力消耗，等待救援。
互救：应注意以下几点
（1）主意听被困人员的呼喊、呻吟、敲击声；
（2）要根据房屋结构，先确定被困人员的位置，再行抢救，以防止意外伤亡；
（3）先抢救建筑物边沿瓦砾中的幸存者，及时抢救那些容易获救的幸存者，以扩大互救队伍；
（4）外援抢救队伍应当首先抢救那些容易获救的是医院、学校、旅社、招待所等人员密集的地方。
（5）救援需讲究方法。首先应使头部暴露。迅速清除口鼻内尘土，防止窒息，再行抢救，不可用利器刨挖；
（6）对于埋压废虚中时间较长的幸存者，首先应输送饮料，然后边挖边支撑，注意保护幸存者的眼睛；
（7）对于颈椎和腰椎受伤的人，施救时切忌生拉硬抬；
（8）对于那些一息尚存的危重伤员，应尽可能在现场进行救治，然后迅速送往医院和医疗点。
If you have received possibly have the earthquake warning, continues to maintain listens to the local broadcasting station newest report and the suggestion, like the suggestion switches off the liquid gas, the power source. Greatly but the heavy object from high will put on to take away. The jar, the glass, the chinaware and other brittle things admit in the low cabinet, the baggage shelf should have keeps off the hand by to prevent the object whereabouts. The cabinet gate should shut tightly, moves away to be hanging the object.
Below prepares the goods by to prepare urgently needs: Fresh fresh water and emergency food, flashlight, fire extinguisher. Is far away these possibly to fall is pounding your thing, possibly can eradicate in outdoors trees, in the small town construction even if enough is sturdy cannot destroy, the chippings also possibly fall.
Runs away spacious to place most ideal, but if does not have the enough time, stays is possibly safer in the room, on the avenue speech, the gas piping or the electric wire which bursts can increase the risk. Passes in and out the human is most dangerous, extremely easily is wounded by the building in bricks and stones.
In room: When the earthquake occurs, if in the indoors, stays in inside, extinguishes the fire, is far away the glass is specially the big window (including mirror and so on). In the room quoin or has the good strut internal way is good seeking asylum place. Perhaps the low ground or the basement can provide the best survival opportunity. Hides in under the table bottom or other firm furniture, this not only can provide the protection to you, moreover also has the big breath space. When store, is far away the big cargo exhibition hall, these cargos possibly can drop down. Also is loaded with the elevator in the multilayered building in the office, in-situ hides in the desk bottom. Do not enter the elevator, the staircase also possibly can crowd the panic-stricken people. .
In car: As far as possible quickly and safely stops - but stays in the vehicle may avoid hit by the whereabouts object. Crouches in hiding under the seat, if has the thing to fall on the vehicle, you will be able to obtain the protection. When vibrates stops down, the attention observation obstacle and possibly appears danger: Destroyed the electric cable, damages the path and collapses bridge.
Outdoors: When outdoors lie in the ground, do not have to run. This can throw down, also possibly is embezzled by the crack. Is far away the big construction. Toward underground walk or do not enter the gallery, this can cause to be stranded. Like you already prepared to the outdoors, did not return to in the building. The earthquake causes any construction not too to be all reliable for the first time, if then again occurs slightly shakes, the building can cave in. Is safer to the summit. In the pitch earth stone is easy to fall, if crushes by the number thousand ton heavy soil block or the rock (they to have fearful speed), very little has the opportunity which fortunately survives. Rolls equally on the place like the ball changes the survival.
Beach place: So long as under the cliff cannot the suitable security, but because the tsunami follows the earthquake but to come frequently,
therefore after vibrates stops leaving the beach as soon as possible to the higher open field shift. The aftershock risk did not like the tsunami to be so fearful. |
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